Cold bending occurs when metal is bent and begins to crack or strain beyond its specified limits. This is the result of inadequate heating to facilitate the process. […]

Heat treatment involves the application of heat to modify the mechanical and physical properties of a material. […]

Delamination occurs when layers of a material become detached or partially separated. This is a defect that must be avoided in any type of product, and is especially important in the manufacture of structural components. […]

This article will provide an overview of the various types of defects that can occur in steel pipes due to various manufacturing, fabrication and use processes. […]

A283 grade D is a group of carbon steel alloys used in structural applications. The material is a low carbon steel with a medium tensile strength and excellent weldability. […]